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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet, 1.

P. R. CUNNINGHAM & G. H. HOWLAND-SHERMAN.

IN'VERTIBLE FLUID BATTERY.

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No. 602,616. Patented Apr. 19,1898.

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INVERTIBLE FLUID BATTERY.

Patented Apr. 19, 1898.

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Patented Apr. 19, 18 98.

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N TTnn STATES PATENT union.

PORTEUS R. CUNNINGHAM AND CHARLES H. HOlVLAND-SHERMAN, OF WVASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

iNVERTIBLE FLUID-BATTERY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 602,616, dated April 19, 1898.

Application filed February 20, 1897- Serial No. 624,423. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, PoRTEUs R. CUNNING- HAM and CHARLES H. I-IOWLAND-SHERMAN, citizens of the United States, residing at Washington, District of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Invertible Fluid-Batteries; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to improvements in primary batteries for electric lamps. It has particular reference to that class of lamps known as the portable variety, which may be used in connection with vehicles, such as side lights for carriages or lamps for bicycles.

- The objects of the invention are, first, to reduce or minimize what is commonly called local action and polarization; secondly, to provide for the ready insertion and removal of the electrodes of said battery and for in aintaining them immovably in place when inserted.

'With these and other objects and advantages' in view the construction consists, essentially, in an invertible lamp; means carried thereby for securing said lamp to some stationary part of a vehicle and for permitting it to be adjusted vertically, to throw the rays up or down, and to rotate said lamp, whereby it may be inverted; novelly-constructed removable electrodes with means for securing them immovably within the cells of the battery and for connecting the said electrodes with the said translating device, and an automatic gas-vent, all of which will more fully appear from the description and claims to follow and the illustrations in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a central longitudinal sectional view on the line 2 2 of Fig. 3, showing the interior construction. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the lamp designed for use in connection with a bicycle. Fig. 3 is a sectional view on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view showing the system of wiring. Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view of the hard-rubber battery-box. Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view on the line 6 6 of Fig. 1, showing lamp-bracket with the escutcheon-piece thrown back in dotted lines. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of one of the electrodes, (the zinc.) Fig. 8 is a top plan view of the same. Fig. 9 is a transverse sectional view of the cap and lining, showing the diametric rib. Fig. 10 is a top plan View of the hard-rubber battery-box, showing the transverse partition which the diametric rib in the lamp-top is designed to contact with; Fig. 11, detail views of the valve and gas-pipe cap; Fig. 12, detail views of the electrodeclamp; Fig. 13, detail views of spider-catches; Fig. 14, detail view of the contact-plates.

Like numerals of reference designate like parts throughout all the figures of the drawings.

1 represents the outer casing of the lamp, which may be of any form or design and closed at the bottom, the word bottom in this connection being used to represent that portion of the lamp which is closed in contradistinction to the opposite end, which is provided with a novelly-constructed h ermeticallysealing cap 2, made the subject of another application for Letters Patent by us and filed September 19, 1896, Serial No. 606,407, and to said cover or top singly no claim is made in this application. This cap is formed with the metallic part 3 and interior flexible lining 4, provided with an annular flange 4, conforming in cross-section to that of a boss or head of the rim of the battery-box, and a diametrical rib or partition 5. Said cap is hinged at 6 to the switch-coverin g 7 ,which is secured to the back of the casing 1 and extends to the bead formed on the casing near the bottom to maintain the symmetry of the design. A spring-catch 8, carried by the lamp-casing, is provided to secure the lamp-top against dislocation by j olting or rough usage. Snugly fitting within this casing 1, which is shown here as tubular, is a hard-rubber battery-box 10, recessed, as shown at 11, for the reception of the holophotic reflector 12 and lamp-rosette 13, carrying the lamp-globe 14.

15 isa Vertical partition extendingfrom the bottom of the hard-rubber battery-box 10 up to and flush with its upper rim. This partition 15 extends diametrically across said batterybox in line with the reflector and switch-covering 7, and thereby divides said box into two compartments or cells 16 and 17.

18 is an orifice in this partition to permit the passage of gas usually generated in primary batteries to a certain extent, and located near the same in the cell 17 is a gas-vent 19. This gas-vent consists of a gas-pipe 20 and a cap threaded on the top thereof to form a valve-chamber and having a central perforation 21. In the interior of this cap is formed a valve-seat 22, against which is normally pressed a valve 23. This valve is provided with a depending stem, around which is coiled a spring 24, abutting against the valve, and a perforated disk 25, seated on the upper edge of the gas-pipe 20. The height of this gaspipe and cap is such that the central opening 21 is above a central plane passed transversely through the battery-box and above the level of the electrolyte when the lamp is rotated into position for use, as shown clearly in Fig. 2.

Attention is called to detail views Fig. 11, which show the valve with diametrically-disposed grooves in its sides and an upper extension 52, adapted to enter the opening 21, which is also provided with diametricallydisposed grooves, and to seal it when the valve is not acted upon by the pressure of accumulated gas. This forces said valve downward against the tension of the coil-spring and permits the escape of the imprisoned gas through the grooves in the opening 21 and those formed in the periphery of the valve out through the perforations of the valve disk or plate 25, down through the gas-pipe, and out of the lamp through the bottom of the casing 1. This pipe is provided with threads a short distance from its lower end and is designed to thread into the bottom of the battery-box and the projecting end to extend into a registering perforation in the bottom of the easing 1. This construction renders the gas-pipe removable with the battery-box.

Formed on the sides of the central partition 15 and the interior walls of the lamp-recess 11 (speaking relatively to the interior of the battery) are the parallel vertical ribs 26,which are spaced apart for the vertical insertion of the arc-shaped cathode 27 and anode 28, which are formed with the slots 29, extending vertically up from the bottom to a point approximately near their centers. This permits a free circulation in each cell of the electrolyte. This electrolyte mayconsist of a solution of bichromate of potash and sulfuric acid in suitable proportions, although it is obvious that any other of the well-known solutions will suit the purposes of this invention equally as well. These electrodes rest upon semicircular mats made of any suitable material, such as soft rubber. These mats are designated as 30. As shown clearly in Figs. 3, 5, and 10, the hard-rubber battery-cells are provided with the diametrically-disposed lugs 31, formed on the central partition, and lugs 32, formed on the interior walls of the respective cells. These lugs are recessed, as shown by dotted lines, and are adapted to receive the hard-rubber removable clamps 33. (Shown in detail in Fig. 12.) These non-conductive clamps are provided upon their lower faces with grooves 34, designed to register with the tops of the arc-shaped zines and carbons and to permit the passage therethrough of the wires which connect the electrodes of both cells with the translating device. These clamps have the reduced end portions-35 to permit a hinge movement in the lugs 31 and with knobs 36 to facilitate their placement and displacement accordingly as the electrodes are to be immovably secured in place within their respective cells or to be removed for any purpose whatever. Fastened to the upper edges of the cathodes, directly beneath this clamp 33, are the non-corrosive metallic contact-plates 37, which are bent downwardly or flanged on both sides of the arc-shaped cathodes to be more firmly secured against displacement, and to the tops of each are connected the ends of a wire or other conductor 38, passing for a portion of its length out into'the lamp-recess 11. The object of this is to connect all the cathodes of each cell. Connected to'the anode of cell 16 by means of the binding-post 39 is a wire 40, passing through the wall of the recess 11 and over to the common connection between the cathodes of the opposite cell, where it is electrically connected to that portion which passes on the outside of the wall of the recess. WVhere these wires pass through the walls of the recess, the perforations are well sealed. Connected to the anodes of this latter cell 17 by means of a binding-post 41 is a wire 42, passing through the contiguous wall of the recess and connected with the lamp-rosette 13, in which is threaded a globe 14. These binding-posts 39 and 41 hold in place non-corrosive metallic contact-plates 44, carrying the ends of the wires 40 and 42 and shown in detail in Fig. 14. Passing from that portion of the loop-wire 38 which is in the recess 11 and which connects the cathodes of the first-mentioned cell around to the back of the lamp through the channel of a bead formed about the middle of the lamp-case 1 is a wire 45, connecting at the rear within the switch-covering 7 to one contact-plate 46 of a switch 47, borne by the hard-rubber battery-box and protruding through the wall of the casing 1. The other contact-plate 48 is connected to the trans lating device by means of a wire 49, passing from one to the other through the channel of the opposite half of this same head. This completes the circuit to the translating device 43 from the two cells which are wired in series,

as above described, to get the highest electromotive force. The switch may be clearly seen in Figs. 1 and 4 and comprises a bowed metallic contact, preferably of spring metal and designed when making the circuit to bridge between the two contact-plates 46 and 48 and to he slid downwardly and out of contact with said plates by means of the switchknob 50, working in the elongated vertical slot 51.

Secured to the switch-covering 7 in any suitable manner so as to clear the slot 51 and approximately in a line with the transverse balancing center is an adjustable hingebracket 53, comprising the hinge members 54 and 55, adjustably secured by the headed hinge-bolt 56 and the king-post clamp 57. The hinge-bolt 56 passes through an axial perforation 58 in the hinge member 55 and is threaded into a registering axial perforation 59 in the hinge member 54. The working faces of these hinge members are radially serrated, as at 60, to more firmly bind when the hinge-bolt 56 is tightened for any new adjustment of the lamp. Interposed between the hinge member 55 and the head of the hinge-bolt is a washer 61.

Formed integral with the hinge member 55 is the king-post clamp 57, comprising a stationary arc-shaped member 63, slightly more than semicircular, and the hinged member 64, slightly less in its arc than a semicircle. These clamp members or arms 63 and 64 are hinged at 65, as shown in Fig. 6, and are provided each with felt lining 66 to prevent abrasion of the enamel on the steering-post tube of the bicycle when the clamp is secured in position. The clamping members or arms are provided with projecting jaws 67 on the clamping member 63 and ears 68 on the clamping member 64. Passing vertically downward through perforations in the cars 68 is a pin 69, on which is swung a clamping-bolt 70, threaded on its opposite end and carrying a washer and tightening-nut 71. This bolt is adapted to be swung into position between the jaws 67 when the clamping members 63 and 64 are adjusted upon the steering-post tube or king-post and to securely clamp or bind the same upon this tube. are provided with the lips 72, extending laterally therefrom, and they are adapted to secu rely maintain the washer and nut in place upon the jaws 67. The clamping members or arms 63 and 64, when-conforming exactly to the arcs of one circle, have the meeting ends separated by sufficient space to permit of the adjustment of this bracket to steeringpost tubes of less diameter than the standard. Between this adjustable hinge-joint 53 and the lamp -is located a swivel-joint 73, comprising circular plates 74 and 75, carried, respectively, by the hinge member 54 and the switch-covering 7. Formed integral with the circular plate 74 is an axialstud 76, designed to revolubly fit an axial perforation in the swivel-plate 75 and to be headed upon the opposite face thereof and in the interior of the body-like attaching portion 77. It will be seen from this construction of hinge and swivel-bracket that provision is made for a rotation of the lamp, whereby it may be completelyinverted and the electrodes freed from the electrolyte, thereby minimizing polariza- The jaws 67' tion and preventing local action. By the adjustment afforded through the medium of the hinge members 54 and 55 and the hinge-bolt 56 the lamp may be aimed at any angle necessary to properly light the path of the rider.

Secured to the lamp-rosette in the recess 11 is a socket which is internally threaded to receive an exteriorly-threaded and. interiorlythreaded tubular extension 7 S or projection, carried on the rear of the holophotic reflector 12. Threaded into the extension 78 is the .plug of the lamp 14. At a proper distance from this lamp is removably secured by means of thelens-spider 81 a refracting-lens 82. This lens-spider 81 consists of the inclosing-rim 83 and the upwardly and downwardly projecting radial arms 84, having the laterally-projecting pins 85, engaging with the spider-catches 86, formed with the jaws S7 for the retention of the pins above referred to. The parabolic reflector has the, dust-proof glass face 88 secured thereto by an annular screw-threaded rim 89.

This completes the description of the improved vehicle lamp and primary battery, and from the foregoing description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, it will be readily observed that polarization is minimized by the provision of an invertible lamp of great simplicity and utility and that the efiiciency of the same is heightened by the prevention of local action when the battery is not in use and by the construction and arrangement of the removable electrodes, and, further, that the candle-power produced by this primary battery is greatly increased by the addition of a holophotic reflector.

The operation of the lamp and of the various parts contained therein will be obvious from the foregoing, and more detailed description is rendered unnecessary.

lVe do not desire tolimit ourselves to the precise details of construction herein shown and described, but reserve to ourselves the right and privilege to alter the same within the bounds of mechanical ingenuity without departing from the spirit of our invention.

Having thus described our invention, What we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an invertible fluid-battery, the combination of a closed casing, electrodes, of less height than the interior of the casing, removably inserted therein and designed to be freed from the electrolyte, when the casing is inverted, and retaining means engaging with the tops of the said electrodes but insulated therefrom,and interlockinginteriorly with the casing to secure saidelectrodes in a fixed position and against displacement when the casing is inverted.

2. In an invertible fluid-battery, the combination of a suitably-closed casing, provided with one or more cells, electrodes of less height than the interior of the casing, removablyinserted therein and designed to be freed from the electrolyte, when the casing is inverted, and retaining means engaging with the tops of the said electrodes but insulated therefrom, and interlocking interiorly with the casing to secure said electrodes in a fixed position and against displacement when the casing is inverted.

3. In an invertible fiuid-battery, a suitable receptacle having an annular boss or bead on its rim, and a hermetic closure, comprising a top and a flexible lining secured therein and provided with a depending, annular portion or flange, adapted to tightly inclose the mouth of the receptacle and a circumferential enlargement upon the interior of the depending portion or flange, adapted to tightly flex into the circumferential groove below the bead on the receptacle, when the closure is pressed into place; in combination with electrodes, of less height than the interior of the casing, removably inserted therein and designed to be freed from the electrolyte when the casing is inverted, and 'non-conductive retaining means extending across the tops of the electrodes and fastening the same to the interior of the casing, whereby they are secured against displacement when the casing is inverted.

4. In an invertible fluid-battery, the combination of a closed casing, electrodes of less height than the interior of the casing, inserted therein and removably engaging with the interior walls of the casing, gates or openings for the free circulation of the electrolyte about the electrodes,and retaining means engaging with the tops of the said electrodes but insulated therefrom, and interlocking interiorly with the casing to secure said electrodes in a fixed position and against d isplacement when the casing is inverted to free the electrodes from the electrolyte.

5. In an invertible fluid-battery, the combination of a closed casing, electrodes, of less height than the interior of the casing, removably inserted therein and designed to be freed from the electrolyte when the casing is inverted, non-corrosive, conducting-plates removably secured to the said electrodes and electrically connected with a translating device on the outside of the casing, and retaining means engaging with the tops of the said electrodes but insulated therefrom, and interlocking interiorly with the casing to secure said electrodes in a fixed position and against displacement when the casing is inverted.

6. In an invertible fluid-battery, the combination of a closed casing, electrodes, of less height than the interior of the casing, inserted therein and removably engaging with the interior walls of the casing, gates or openings for the free circulation of the electrolyte about the electrodes, retaining means engaging with the tops of the said electrodes but insulated therefrom, and interlocking interiorly with the casingto secure said electrodes in a fixed position and against displacement when the casing is inverted to free the electrodes from the electrolyte, and electrical connections between said electrodes and a translating device on the outside of the casing.

7. In an invertible fluid-battery, the combination of a suitable closed casing,electrodes, of less height than the interior of the casing, removably inserted therein and designed to be freed from the electrolyte when the casing is inverted, and non-conductive clamps extending across the tops of the electrodes, and engaging removably with recessed lugs projecting from the interior surface of the casing, to secure said electrodes against displacement when the casing is inverted, substantially as described.

8. In an invertible fluid-battery, the combination of a closed casing, vertically-disposed spacing-ribs projecting from the interior thereof, electrodes, of less height than the interior of the casing, removably inserted therebetween, oppositely-disposed, recessed lugs projecting interiorly from the casing, and non-conductive retaining means engagin g with the said lugs and with the said electrodes to secure them in position between the spacing-ribs and against displacement when the casing is inverted to free them from the electrolyte, substantially as described.

9. In an invertible fluid-battery, a suitable receptacle provided with one or more cells, and having an annular boss or head on its rim, and a hermetic closure therefor, comprising a top and a flexible lining secured therein and provided with adepending, annular portion or flange, adapted to tightly inclose the mouth of the receptacle and a circumferential enlargement upon the interior of the depending portion or flange, adapted to tightly flex into the circumferential groove below the head on the receptacle, when the closure is pressed into place; in combination with electrodes, of less height than the casing, reniovably inserted therein, and designed to be freed from the electrolyte when the easing is inverted and non-conductive retaining means extending across the tops of the electrodes and fastening the same to the interior of the cells, whereby the said electrodes are secured against displacement when the casing is inverted, substantially as described.

10. In an invertible fluid-battery, the combination of a closed casing, electrodes, of less height than the interior of the casing, removably inserted therein and designed to be freed from the electrolyte when the casing is inverted, non-conductive retaining means engaging with the tops ofthe electrodes and interlocking interiorly with the casing to secure the said electrodes against displacement, and an automatically-acting gas-vent, for the escape of accumulated gas.

11. In an invertible fluid-battery, the combination of a closed casing, electrodes, of

less height than the interior of the casing, removably inserted therein and designed to be freed from the electrolyte, when the easing is inverted, and non-conductive retaining IIC means engaging with the tops of the said electrodes, and interlocking interiorly with the casing to secure said electrodes in a fixed position and against displacement when the easing is inverted and a lamp-bracket comprising pivoted clamping-arms, a locking device for said arms and a universal connection between the body of the closed casing to be supported and the said clamping-arms, substantially as described.

12. In an invertible fluid-battery, a suitable receptacle provided with one or more cells, and having an annular boss or bead on its rim, and a hermetic closure therefor, comprising a top and a flexible lining secured therein and provided with a depending, annular portion or flange, adapted to tightlyinclose the mouth of the receptacle and .a circumferential enlargement upon the interior of the depending portion or flange, adapted to tightly flex into the circumferential groove below the bead on the receptacle, when the closure is pressed into place; in combination with electrodes, of less height than the receptacle, removably inserted therein, and designed to be freed from the electrolyte when the receptacle is inverted, and non-conductive retaining means extending across the tops of the electrodes and fastening the same to the interior of the cells, whereby they are secured against displacement when the casing is inverted, substantially as described.

13. In an invertible fluid-battery, the combination of a receptacle, divided into cells, by means of one or more partitions, a hermetically-sealing, removable top therefor, electrodes, of less height than the receptacle,

seated in the lower parts of the cells, and designed to be freed from the electrolyte, when the receptacle is inverted, and clamps extending across the tops of the electrode of each cell, and engaging removably with retaining means, on the interior walls of the respective cells, to secure said electrodes against displacement when the receptacle is inverted, substantially as described.

14. In an invertible fluid-battery, a suitable receptacle provided with one or more cells, and having an annular boss or bead on its rim, and a hermetic closure therefor, comprising a top and a flexible lining secured therein and provided with a depending, annular portion or flange, adapted to tightly inclose the mouth of the receptacle and a circumferential enlargement upon the interior of the depending portion or flange, adapted to tightly flex into the circumferential groove below the bead on the receptacle, when the closure is pressed into place; in combination with electrodes, of less height than the receptacle, removably inserted therein, and designed to be freed from the electrolyte when the receptacle is inverted, non-conductive retaining means extending across the tops of the electrodes and fastening the same to the interior of the cells, whereby they are secured against displacement when the casing is inverted, an opening between the cells for the circulation of gas and a gas-vent for the escape of the accumulated gas from the receptacle, substantially as described.

15. In an invertible fluid-battery, the combination of a receptacle having a boss or bead on its rim, and divided into cells, by means of one or more partitions, electrodes, of less height than the receptacle, secured in the lower parts of the cells and designed to be freed from the electrolyte, when-the receptacle is inverted, a hinge-bracket, a swivel connection between it and the said receptacle, whereby it can be inverted, means for securing said hinge-bracket to a vehicle, and a hermetically-sealing, removable top therefor, comprising a flanged cover, and a lining secured therein and provided with an annular flange whose interior is epicycloidal in crosssection and designed to tightly adhere to the bead 0r boss of the receptacle when sprung over it, substantially as described.

16. A casing for an invertible fluid-battery consisting of a suitable receptacle, having a central partition and a boss or bead upon the outside of the rim, and a hermetically-sealing closure, comprising a hinged top and a permanent lining secured within said top and form ed with a diametrically-disposed rib, parallel with the upper edge of the partition in the said receptacle, a depending annular flange, arc-shaped in cross-section to form a constriction, adapted when sprung over the bead or boss on the receptacle, to tightly adhere to the curvature of the same, substantially as described.

17. A casing for an invertible fluid-battery consisting of a suitable receptacle, having a central partition, and a boss or bead upon the outside of the rim, a hermetically-sealing closure, comprising a hinged top and a permanent lining, secured within said top and formed with a diametrically-disposed rib, parallel with the upper edge of the partition in the said receptacle, a depending annular flange, arc-shaped in cross-section to form a constriction adapted, when sprung over the bead or boss on the receptacle, to tightly adhere to the curvature of the same, and means for locking said cover to said receptacle, substantially as described.

18. The herein-described gas-vent,comprising a valve-chamber having an opening in one end, oppositely-disposed channels or grooves in the sides of said opening, a conical valveseat, and aspring-actuated valve,correspond'- ingly shaped to fit said seat, a base to said valve slidably fitting within the said valvechamber and having oppositely arranged channels or grooves in its periphery, a projection on said valve, slidablyfitting the opening in the valve-chamber, and a perforated disk, closing the opposite end thereof.

19. The herein-described gas-vent,comprisin g a valve-chamber having an opening in one end, oppositely-disposed channels or grooves in the sides of said opening, a conical valveseat, and a spring-actuated valve correspondingly shaped to fit said seat, a base to said valve slidably fitting within the said valvechamber and having oppositely arranged channels or grooves in its periphery, a proj ection on said valve, slidably fitting the opening in the valve-chamber, and a perforated disk at the opposite end of the valve-chamber, in combination with an inclosing receptacle and a pipe connection between the said valvechamber and the exterior of the said receptacle, substantially as described.

20. In an invertible fluid-battery, the combination of a suitable receptacle provided with one or more cells, a hermetic closure therefor, vertically-disposed spacing-ribs projecting from the interior thereof, electrodes, of less height than the interior of the cells, removably inserted between said ribs, oppositely-disposed, recessed lugs projecting interiorly from the casing, non-conductive clamps extending across the tops of the electrodes and engaging removably with the said lugs and with the said electrodes to secure them in position between the spacing-ribs and against displacement when the receptacle is inverted, a passage between the cells for the circulation of gas, and a gas-vent for the escape of the same from the receptacle, comprising a valvechamber having an opening in one end and projecting within said receptacle, oppositelydisposed channels or grooves in the sides of said openin g,a conical valve-seat and a springactuated valve, correspondingly shaped to fit said seat, a base to said valve, slidably fitting within the valve-chamber and having oppositely-arranged channels or grooves in its periphery, a projection on said Valve, fitting slidably into the opening in the valve-chamber, and a perforated disk located in the opposite end of the said chamber, substantially as described.

21. As a new article of manufacture, the herein-described battery-box, comprising an open, cylindrical vessel of non-conductive material, formed integrally with a central partition as 15, dividing the vessel into two compartments or cells, an inset chamber or recess as 11, opening exteriorly of the vessel, parallel and vertical spacing-ribs as 26, projecting interiorly from the walls of the partition and recess or chamber, electrodes fitting between said ribs, the diametrically opposite, undercut lugs, projecting from the walls of the partition and of the vessel, and clamps engaging with said lugs and with the tops of the electrodes to fasten them in place, substantially as and for the purposes specifled.

In testimony whereof we affix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

rorrnus R. CUNNINGHAM. CHARLES H. HOWLAND-SHERHAN.

\Vitnesses as to signature of Porteus R. Cunningham:

CHARLES E. BIoRnoN, A. I. GARDNER. \Vitnesses as to signature of Charles H. How land-Sherman:

FREDK. S. SIoKELs, JNo. G. WALLIoK. 

